Ganglia, hygromas, mucous cysts, or subcutaneous masses in the area of tendons and joints

Ganglions, also known as hygromas, are benign cystic growths that develop along tendons or joints. Ganglions consist of a sac filled with a gel-like substance. Initially, these growths appear as small bumps under the skin that gradually increase in size. Hygromas can vary in size and may cause varying degrees of pain, especially if they compress the nerves in the hand. Ganglions can also restrict movement if they are located directly near a joint.

Ganglions can occur in people of both sexes and all ages, but they are most commonly seen in women between the ages of 20 and 40. Ganglions, or hygromas, can be diagnosed clinically through a physical examination of the patient, as well as by ordering additional tests—such as X-rays, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Trauma, sports activities, and physical labor can contribute to the development of hygromas.